Basic knowledge of stone

1. Basic concepts:

 

　　1. Stone: natural rocks with a certain degree of lumpiness, strength, stability, processability and decorative properties are all called stones; (existing mentality, blocks and plates)

 

　　2. Facing stone: refers to the stone used for the interior and exterior walls, floors, columns, countertops, etc. of buildings. (Blocks and plates can be made into different facing stones by different processing methods.

 

　　3. Classification of stone materials: (here refers to the classification of stone products). Divided into three categories: marble, granite and slate;

 

　　 (1) Marble: (commonly known as "marble") ① Composition: mainly calcium carbonate mineral;

 

② Features: relatively brittle texture, low hardness, poor strength, easy to break, small specific gravity (2.6-2.8g/cm3), general cracks can be bonded, (that is, glue patch) with patterns, complex patterns, endless changes, easy processing, Suitable for indoor walls, vermicelli, countertops, etc.; ③ Defects: colored lines, stains, cracks, easy to deform, break, have yin and yang colors, easy to fade and fade, large color difference, large pattern differences. (Among them, white marble is most afraid of cracks and pollution, and it is difficult to glue) ④ Color: The color of the plate is white, yellow, red, green, etc.;

 

　　 (2) Granite (commonly known as "granite")

 

　　① Composition: mainly minerals such as quartz and feldspar (mainly silicate)

 

　　② Features: hard texture, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, good strength, not easy to break,

 

　　 high specific gravity (2.6-3g/cm3); the color pattern is generally uniform, regular, low water absorption, not easy to bond, difficult to process, good luminosity, long lasting, suitable for outdoor walls, indoor floors, cylinders, stairs, etc. (Stone steles, stone bridges, sculptures, etc.)

 

　　③ Defects: rust spots, dark spots, cracks, color difference, etc.;

 

　　④ Color: The color of the board is white, red, yellow, green, gray, black, etc.;

 

　　4. "Objects" of stone industry processing: mainly blocks and plates;

 

　　 (1) Blocks: large slabs or special shapes (arc plates, cylinders, flower lines, etc.) are formed by sawing

 

　　 (2) Plate: (namely, large plate) through processing and cutting into engineering plates of various sizes (also called specification plates)

 

　　5. Common measurement units for stone:

 

　　 (1) Block: The length, width, and height of the block are all expressed in millimeters: mm. The volume of the block (also called the lumpiness), expressed in cubic meters: m3 (three decimal places);

 

　　 (2) The length, height and thickness of the board are all expressed in millimeters: mm; the area is expressed in square meters: m2;

 

　　6. ​​The code names of my country's marble (marble) and granite (granite):

 

　　Marble: M, Granite: G, (Slate: S)

 

　　7. Appearance measures the main signs of stone (marble, granite) after decoration;

 

(1) Color: (Personal is better) (different countries: the United States is more pure white, pure black, shades of green and purple; France and Italy are more red; some countries in Southeast Asia and Europe are green; South Africa, Arabia and North America white marble; Islam The country prohibits any yellow; France taboo dark green; West Germany taboo color and dark blue; Switzerland taboo black; Egypt taboo blue and white; Japan is darker green, gray, black, red and yellow; Hong Kong is more gray and dark green , Crimson and black.)

 

　　 (2) Glossiness: the luminosity of the mirror surface, different varieties have different luminosity. (Currently, some engineering exterior walls have a rougher surface) (3) Pattern: the pattern of the board surface is coordinated;

 

　　 (4) Marble: Be crystal clear and delicate, Marble: Be rough and generous;

 

　　(5) How does the stitching work: straight, flat, and the gap width is consistent, etc.; the overall feeling: harmony, solemnity, nobleness, elegance, luxury;